Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout Presentation: In spite of the advancement of oil and gas industry innovation, Wellbore shakiness stays one of non gainful time that cost industry billions consistently. wellbore shakiness has been one of the well arranging stage and been concentrated broadly (Bradley,1979; Bell, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Gentzis et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding, 2011). Boring through a development prompted pressure changing a round the borehole because of rock expulsion. In this examination, mud weight pressure is the controllable boundary during the boring. The mud weight pressure impacts can cause two disappointment instruments which are shear disappointment (breakout) and tractable disappointment (cracking), these issues consider as the fundamental wellbore disappointment. Borehole breakout happens when the mud weight is lower than anticipated. in other word, the breakout disappointment happens when the pressure forced by penetrating mud lower than compressive quality. Then again, higher mud weight can pr ompt ductile disappointment due to attack of mud into the arrangement. The outcomes behind these issues are stuck channel, reaming activity, lost course, and derailing. To kill these issues numerous boundaries ought to be viewed as such us rock quality, pore pressure, in-situ stress, and stress direction. Besides, breakout and cracking can be lessening or dispense with by picking the appropriate mud weight for boring. By utilizing a constitutive model to anticipate the worries around the wellbore associated with a disappointment rules, Strength of supply rocks can be determined. Consequently, determination of the reasonable disappointment measures will consider as the fundamental piece of wellbore security investigation. Borehole breakout is a broadening and lengthening of wellbore a specific way and it considers as the significant markers to anticipate the direction of min. flat pressure. This augmentation can be anticipated by utilizing 4-6 arm caliper device, Optical imaging log, resistive picture log, and acoustic picture log (Jaeger et al.,2009; Bell and Gough, 1979; Zoback et al.,1985).ã‚â Figure (1) shows wellbore amplification design by means of 4 arm caliper. The 4 arms caliper has 4 cushions in two calipers (cushion 1 and 3) speak to Caliper 1 (C1) and (cushion 2 and 4) speak to caliper 2 (C2). The breadth of the gap can be recognized from those two calipers. Fig 1a speaks to an in-measure opening reason C1 and C2 have same perusing of bit size. Interestingly 1C shows an extreme waste of time in gap size and caliper perusing show this growth. Remain on well logs information and observational conditions, the stone quality and mechanical properties can be gotten (Rahimi, 2014). (Westergarrd. 1940) in-situ stress can be gotten by flexible trademark conditions. Likewise, from elastoplastic trademark condition in-situ pressure can be determined (chang et al., 2006). Too , (LOT) and small frac. test can assist us with determining in-situ focuses on (Bardley 1979b). Numerous models have been worked to decide the actuated worry in a round well and foresee the reasonable mud pressure by utilizing Failure standards. In this examination, three disappointment models have been utilized to foresee the best possible mud weight in the Nahr Umr development in southern Iraq. The three disappointment measures are Mohr-coulomb, Mogi-coulomb, and changed replenish. Fig (1) Caliper log reactions due to wellbore extension (Tingay ) Geographical properties of the field and the objective store. The H oil recorded is a land-based field situated in southeastern Iraq between the city of Basra and the Kuwait outskirt (Figure 2). The field is an anticline that runs generally north-west to south-southeast around 60 km long and 10-15 km wide. The anticline of H field has four arches separated by saddles, from the northwest to southeast these are: Al-Hamar Shuaiba Rafidyah Safwan Fig (3) The four vaults in H documented The found stores are contained in five repositories: Mishrif, Nahr Umr, Zubair third Pay, Zubair fourth Pay and Yamama. (Figure 3) speaks to well stratigraphic. Nahr Umr Formation is a fascinating potential water source zone because of the plenitude of log information through the unit, water saltiness that is perfect with the Mishrif and Zubair Formation waters, and the detailed degree and quality of the spring. It is made fundamentally out of Sandstone interbedded with dashes of (Shale, Siltstone Limestone). Normal thickness of Nahr Umr development is +/ - 260 m and the porosity surpass 25% with a normal of 20% penetrability ranges from 1000 md to 9000 md. Relies upon data from in excess of fifteen wells, shear disappointment has been seen in Nahr Umr development uniquely at the shale layers. This breakout has been appeared on shale shaker and by caliper log. Fig (4) stratigraphic of H field

The Impact of Wal-mart Essay examples -- Business, Low Prices

Wal-Mart, the multi-billion dollar partnership and the second biggest boss on the planet, is the most disputable company on the planet. Wal-Mart remains as a worldwide powerhouse and influences innumerable people far and wide. This organization is continually accepting analysis from associations, human rights gatherings, unassuming communities and independent companies. There are allegations of Wal-Mart treating laborers ineffectively and driving independent ventures bankrupt. Anyway these allegations are bogus and over overstated. Wal-Mart offers families and low salary people quality items at moderate costs. Their laborers are paid serious wages and are treated with deference. Wal-Mart opens their stores in rustic and immature regions. Wal-Mart improves the lives of the people who live country zone and improves their ways of life. Wal-Mart gives low costs to individuals to bear the cost of a greater amount of these extraordinary items and to extend their dollar more. Wal-Mart opens their stores in provincial regions that are down and out. These individuals don’t can purchase the most recent and best items around. That way of life of purchasing and getting the advanced thing is unfamiliar to them. On account of Wal-Mart these individuals can get a handle on this way of life and experience for themselves (Coster 1). Individuals are sparing several dollars and these reserve funds truly include. As indicated by an examination by the New England Consulting gathering, U.S. buyers spare $100 billion every year, or $600 for the normal America family (Maich 6). These reserve funds for purchasers and families are astonishing. This information isn't just about the individuals who shop at Wal-Mart yet this information is pretty much all customers. This is so in light of the fact that â€Å"Wal-Mart sells for less, it powers contenders to slice costs so as to compete† (Maich 6). A s... ...pplications for their occupations. Each time another store opens, Wal-Mart gets 6 to 10 applications for each activity that is accessible (Maich 5). In the event that Wal-Mart was appalling and a poor business, there will be no going after these positions. This shows Wal-Mart is an incredible business and not what pundit says it is. Wal-Mart is useful to numerous sorts of individuals. Wal-Mart is useful for the economy and great to it laborers. Wal-Mart enlists numerous individuals from various different backgrounds and offers their laborers numerous advantages that others retailers don’t offer. Wal-Mart with their low costs benefits buyers and help purchasers to spare. Wal-Mart is a positive to neighborhood economies and improves benefits of nearby organizations. Wal-Mart isn't a beast as critics’ states and every one of these assaults by pundits are wrong. Wal-Mart isn't great yet it is superior to the greater part of different companies.

The Power of Checklists in the Workplace - Focus

The Power of Checklists in the Workplace - Focus You might not think that checklists have a role in the workplace. Often used for simple tasks like creating a grocery list or packing for a vacation, checklists aren’t often thought of as a tool for increasing productivity and efficiency at work. But the power of checklists has been proven time and time again across a variety of professions and industries. It doesn’t matter how many times you’ve performed a task or how much training and experience you have in your role, checklists reduce the likelihood of important steps or tasks getting overlooked and help you feel confident that you’ve completed your work expertly. How Professionals Are Already Using Checklists in the Workplace In a 2007 article in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande told the story of how the U.S. Army Air Corps was able to make use of a Boeing aircraft that, after a crash during its maiden flight, was deemed “too much airplane for one [person] to fly.” The solution to flying the unflyable aircraft: a pilot’s checklist. Gawande writes: Using a checklist for takeoff would no more have occurred to a pilot than to a driver backing a car out of the garage. But this new plane was too complicated to be left to the memory of any pilot, however expert. Later in his article, Gawande also explains how doctors and nurses use checklists in hospitals to prevent life-threatening mistakes and oversights when working with patients. In one example, a hospital used a checklist for one specific procedure for a year. During that time, the infection rate for that procedure dropped from 11% to zero. The hospital estimated that using that one checklist over a two-year period had prevented 43 infections and eight deaths and saved the hospital two million dollars in costs. Gawande went on to write The Checklist Manifesto, an ode to the power of a simple checklist’s ability to increase productivity and efficiency while also reducing errors and costs in the complex modern workplace. Related: 6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management Tasks Versus Checklists It’s easy to think of things you need to do at work as tasks. As a writer, I might have the task “write an article.” But there are many subtasks that must all be completed before an article is complete. Delivering an article isn’t a simple matter of putting words on paper. I also have to: conduct SEO research find or create images edit the final copy add the post to a content management system add internal links insert images add alt text for images make sure links open in new tabs add relevant calls-to-action And though I’ve written hundreds of articles over the years, I still use checklists to make sure I remember to complete each of these steps. Fairly often, my checklists remind me to do something I neglected. The reality is that after a long day of writing, it’s all too easy to forget one small step in a larger process. Most business tasks require more than a single action. But at the same time, those multiple required actions are all a part of completing a single task. In other words, it wouldn’t make sense for me to add individual tasks for each of the actions above that are required for one article to be complete. Instead, it’s far more effective to simply include checklists listing those items for each article task I create. Creating Tasks and Checklists in MeisterTask MeisterTask is a project management tool that makes it easy to keep track of your tasks as well as create checklists for tasks that require more than one action. Going back to my example for my own work, I might have 20 articles to write in a month. Each of those assignments becomes its own task that I create in an “Assignments” queue: Each of those tasks also includes a checklist I use to make sure that I don’t forget any steps when writing or publishing an article: As I complete each subtask, I can check it off, and when all of the subtasks in my checklist are complete, I’m fully confident that my work is 100% done. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask Using predefined checklists in MeisterTask The great thing about MeisterTask is that I can create predefined checklists that I can load onto tasks so I’m not typing the same list of tasks over and over again. To create a predefined checklist, open any task, hover over “Add Checklist Item,” and click the “Load” link. In the pop-up that appears, click “Manage Checklists.” Next, click “Add Checklist” and give your checklist a name you’ll easily recognize. Then, add all of the subtasks you regularly complete as part of your main tasks. When you’re finished, click “Done.” Now when you open your task, you can click the “Load” link and select your predefined checklist to add it to your task automatically. Automatically adding checklists to tasks in a specific queue Typically, all of the tasks in my queue are for writing assignments, so any new task I add to that queue needs to have my article checklist added to it. Thanks to MeisterTask’s automations, I don’t need to manually add my checklist to every task. It gets automatically added to any task I create in my assignments queue. To set up an automation that adds a selected checklist to any items added to a specific queue, start by hovering over the header for the queue until the down arrow appears. Click the arrow, then select “Automations” “Add Automation:” Select “Add Checklist.” Now select your pre-defined checklist from the dropdown, check the box next to “Run this action on all existing tasks in this section,” and click “Done.” When you’re finished, your checklist will be automatically applied to every task currently in that queue, and it will also be automatically added to any new tasks you move to or create in that queue. Examples of How to Use Checklists in Other Industries So far, we’ve talked about how pilots and doctors use checklists, and we’ve covered how writers like me can use checklists to increase efficiency and reduce errors. But like I said in the beginning, checklists are helpful for people in nearly every role and industry. If you or your employees have tasks that require multiple actions to complete, checklists can benefit your organization. Here are several examples: Fleet managers could create checklists for their drivers to use to check their vehicles before leaving a depot. For example: check fuel level, tire pressure, and mileage, make sure packages are secure, etc. Also, when returning a vehicle: check that its clean, that the fuel has been refilled, that there arent any damages or scratches, etc. Restaurant managers could create multiple sections in MeisterTask with automated checklists for different areas for people to check. For example, the kitchen could check food stock, expiry dates, cleanliness, etc. Front-of-house employees could create their own checklist for making sure all condiments are clean, all salt shakers are filled, tables are wiped down, etc. Retail managers could create checklists for opening their stores. For example: turn the alarm off, turn on all light switches, make sure that the newest samples are on display, clean the floor, etc. You could have another checklist for closing the store. Maintenance workers could use checklists to make sure that they have checked all the equipment or machinery in the right order. For example: check for leaks, ensure the pressure is within the green range, grease lines and look for rust, check fluid levels, etc. Professional service providers like plumbers or electricians could create checklists for the things that need to be checked or completed when customers request service for a specific issue. For example, an electrician’s checklist might have items like check the breaker box for blown fuses, test voltage of problematic outlets, look for signs of heat damage, etc. CPAs could have two columns in MeisterTask: one for junior accountants with a checklist for making sure all information has been added to a tax return and that all relevant documentation is included, and another for a senior accountant with a checklist listing all of the items on the return that need to be reviewed. If you have a unique way of using checklists in your business, we’d love to hear about it in the comments at the bottom of this post! Related: How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (and Why It’s Important) The Benefits of Using MeisterTask for Checklists Using checklists in any format will deliver a lot of benefits, but there are a few advantages of using a tool like MeisterTask over other methods like printouts or whiteboards: Everything is digital, which means that it is logged, tracked, and saved. You’ll never lose any data, and you’ll always have a historical overview of completed checklists. Because there’s an archive of historical checklists, when something goes wrong, you’re able to pinpoint exactly where and when in the process, which creates more accountability and responsibility. MeisterTask is easy to use, so your employees don’t have to be highly technically savvy to use it. Once someone sets up the initial project and automations, using MeisterTask is as simple as pointing and clicking. MeisterTask is mobile, so it can work on the go. As long as there is a phone or tablet around, people literally just need to tap through their checklist items. Everything in MeisterTask is updated in real-time. Managers and team leads are able to know exactly when tasks are completed via notifications. Lastly, everything can be automated, saving you tons of time. The checklist can be loaded automatically to tasks, and tasks can even be automatically assigned to the person responsible for completing them. Checklists are a great way to increase efficiency and reduce the likelihood of mistakes in your business, and MeisterTaskâ€"with its automations and archive featuresâ€"boosts those benefits even further. Contact MeisterTasks friendly sales team if youd like to find out more about setting up accounts for you and your teamâ€"and get closer to meeting your goals by combining your project management tool with checklists. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask The Power of Checklists in the Workplace - Focus You might not think that checklists have a role in the workplace. Often used for simple tasks like creating a grocery list or packing for a vacation, checklists aren’t often thought of as a tool for increasing productivity and efficiency at work. But the power of checklists has been proven time and time again across a variety of professions and industries. It doesn’t matter how many times you’ve performed a task or how much training and experience you have in your role, checklists reduce the likelihood of important steps or tasks getting overlooked and help you feel confident that you’ve completed your work expertly. How Professionals Are Already Using Checklists in the Workplace In a 2007 article in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande told the story of how the U.S. Army Air Corps was able to make use of a Boeing aircraft that, after a crash during its maiden flight, was deemed “too much airplane for one [person] to fly.” The solution to flying the unflyable aircraft: a pilot’s checklist. Gawande writes: Using a checklist for takeoff would no more have occurred to a pilot than to a driver backing a car out of the garage. But this new plane was too complicated to be left to the memory of any pilot, however expert. Later in his article, Gawande also explains how doctors and nurses use checklists in hospitals to prevent life-threatening mistakes and oversights when working with patients. In one example, a hospital used a checklist for one specific procedure for a year. During that time, the infection rate for that procedure dropped from 11% to zero. The hospital estimated that using that one checklist over a two-year period had prevented 43 infections and eight deaths and saved the hospital two million dollars in costs. Gawande went on to write The Checklist Manifesto, an ode to the power of a simple checklist’s ability to increase productivity and efficiency while also reducing errors and costs in the complex modern workplace. Related: 6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management Tasks Versus Checklists It’s easy to think of things you need to do at work as tasks. As a writer, I might have the task “write an article.” But there are many subtasks that must all be completed before an article is complete. Delivering an article isn’t a simple matter of putting words on paper. I also have to: conduct SEO research find or create images edit the final copy add the post to a content management system add internal links insert images add alt text for images make sure links open in new tabs add relevant calls-to-action And though I’ve written hundreds of articles over the years, I still use checklists to make sure I remember to complete each of these steps. Fairly often, my checklists remind me to do something I neglected. The reality is that after a long day of writing, it’s all too easy to forget one small step in a larger process. Most business tasks require more than a single action. But at the same time, those multiple required actions are all a part of completing a single task. In other words, it wouldn’t make sense for me to add individual tasks for each of the actions above that are required for one article to be complete. Instead, it’s far more effective to simply include checklists listing those items for each article task I create. Creating Tasks and Checklists in MeisterTask MeisterTask is a project management tool that makes it easy to keep track of your tasks as well as create checklists for tasks that require more than one action. Going back to my example for my own work, I might have 20 articles to write in a month. Each of those assignments becomes its own task that I create in an “Assignments” queue: Each of those tasks also includes a checklist I use to make sure that I don’t forget any steps when writing or publishing an article: As I complete each subtask, I can check it off, and when all of the subtasks in my checklist are complete, I’m fully confident that my work is 100% done. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask Using predefined checklists in MeisterTask The great thing about MeisterTask is that I can create predefined checklists that I can load onto tasks so I’m not typing the same list of tasks over and over again. To create a predefined checklist, open any task, hover over “Add Checklist Item,” and click the “Load” link. In the pop-up that appears, click “Manage Checklists.” Next, click “Add Checklist” and give your checklist a name you’ll easily recognize. Then, add all of the subtasks you regularly complete as part of your main tasks. When you’re finished, click “Done.” Now when you open your task, you can click the “Load” link and select your predefined checklist to add it to your task automatically. Automatically adding checklists to tasks in a specific queue Typically, all of the tasks in my queue are for writing assignments, so any new task I add to that queue needs to have my article checklist added to it. Thanks to MeisterTask’s automations, I don’t need to manually add my checklist to every task. It gets automatically added to any task I create in my assignments queue. To set up an automation that adds a selected checklist to any items added to a specific queue, start by hovering over the header for the queue until the down arrow appears. Click the arrow, then select “Automations” “Add Automation:” Select “Add Checklist.” Now select your pre-defined checklist from the dropdown, check the box next to “Run this action on all existing tasks in this section,” and click “Done.” When you’re finished, your checklist will be automatically applied to every task currently in that queue, and it will also be automatically added to any new tasks you move to or create in that queue. Examples of How to Use Checklists in Other Industries So far, we’ve talked about how pilots and doctors use checklists, and we’ve covered how writers like me can use checklists to increase efficiency and reduce errors. But like I said in the beginning, checklists are helpful for people in nearly every role and industry. If you or your employees have tasks that require multiple actions to complete, checklists can benefit your organization. Here are several examples: Fleet managers could create checklists for their drivers to use to check their vehicles before leaving a depot. For example: check fuel level, tire pressure, and mileage, make sure packages are secure, etc. Also, when returning a vehicle: check that its clean, that the fuel has been refilled, that there arent any damages or scratches, etc. Restaurant managers could create multiple sections in MeisterTask with automated checklists for different areas for people to check. For example, the kitchen could check food stock, expiry dates, cleanliness, etc. Front-of-house employees could create their own checklist for making sure all condiments are clean, all salt shakers are filled, tables are wiped down, etc. Retail managers could create checklists for opening their stores. For example: turn the alarm off, turn on all light switches, make sure that the newest samples are on display, clean the floor, etc. You could have another checklist for closing the store. Maintenance workers could use checklists to make sure that they have checked all the equipment or machinery in the right order. For example: check for leaks, ensure the pressure is within the green range, grease lines and look for rust, check fluid levels, etc. Professional service providers like plumbers or electricians could create checklists for the things that need to be checked or completed when customers request service for a specific issue. For example, an electrician’s checklist might have items like check the breaker box for blown fuses, test voltage of problematic outlets, look for signs of heat damage, etc. CPAs could have two columns in MeisterTask: one for junior accountants with a checklist for making sure all information has been added to a tax return and that all relevant documentation is included, and another for a senior accountant with a checklist listing all of the items on the return that need to be reviewed. If you have a unique way of using checklists in your business, we’d love to hear about it in the comments at the bottom of this post! Related: How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (and Why It’s Important) The Benefits of Using MeisterTask for Checklists Using checklists in any format will deliver a lot of benefits, but there are a few advantages of using a tool like MeisterTask over other methods like printouts or whiteboards: Everything is digital, which means that it is logged, tracked, and saved. You’ll never lose any data, and you’ll always have a historical overview of completed checklists. Because there’s an archive of historical checklists, when something goes wrong, you’re able to pinpoint exactly where and when in the process, which creates more accountability and responsibility. MeisterTask is easy to use, so your employees don’t have to be highly technically savvy to use it. Once someone sets up the initial project and automations, using MeisterTask is as simple as pointing and clicking. MeisterTask is mobile, so it can work on the go. As long as there is a phone or tablet around, people literally just need to tap through their checklist items. Everything in MeisterTask is updated in real-time. Managers and team leads are able to know exactly when tasks are completed via notifications. Lastly, everything can be automated, saving you tons of time. The checklist can be loaded automatically to tasks, and tasks can even be automatically assigned to the person responsible for completing them. Checklists are a great way to increase efficiency and reduce the likelihood of mistakes in your business, and MeisterTaskâ€"with its automations and archive featuresâ€"boosts those benefits even further. Contact MeisterTasks friendly sales team if youd like to find out more about setting up accounts for you and your teamâ€"and get closer to meeting your goals by combining your project management tool with checklists. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask

Sugar And Slaves By Richard Dunn - 1514 Words

Lydia Phillips Dr. Hill HIST 300SS 9/15/15 Sugar Societies in the West Indies During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the sugar islands played a very important role for the British government. They saw these colonies as an extremely beneficial mercantile society that could gross them a great deal of wealth. However, for the colonists living on these islands it was an intense struggle between enormous fortune and a premature death. Richard Dunn, author of Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713, decided to shed light on these seldom mentioned groups of settlers, who chose the Caribbean islands over mainland America. The first settlers of the islands being buccaneers, along with their short lifespan, coupled with the monoculture of the islands and a severe disparity between the rich and poor, created a distinct culture, in what Dunn describes as a â€Å"classically proportioned sugar society† (Dunn 165). Dunn begins his book in 1624, with the English gaining a foothold on the tiny island of St. Christopher in the Caribbean. From that solitary outpost emerged a cohesive and potent master class of tobacco and sugar planters that spread throughout the Caribbean (46), especially in Barbados and Jamaica. Dunn refers to this society as a â€Å"classically proportioned sugar society† (165). What this means is that there were few very wealthy sugar planters who owned and managed large masses of slaves. Big planters, at their height, wereShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship between Sugar and Slavery in the Early Modern Period3546 Words   |  15 PagesDiscuss the Relationship between sugar and slavery in the Early Modern Period. No commodity on the face of the Earth has been wrested from the soil or the seas, from the skies or the bowels of the earth with such misery and human blood as sugar ...(Anon) Sugar in its many forms is as old as the Earth itself. It is a sweet tasting thing for which humans have a natural desire. However there is more to sugar than its sweet taste, rather cane sugar has been shown historically to have generatedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCreativity at Apple 212 SKILL PRACTICE 214 Exercises for Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 214 Individual Assignment—Analytical Problem Solving (10 minutes) 214 Team Assignment—Creative Problem Solving (20 minutes) 215 Moving Up in the Rankings 216 Keith Dunn and McGuffey’s Restaurant 217 Creative Problem-Solving Practice 220 SKILL APPLICATION 222 Activities for Solving Problems Creatively 222 Suggested Assignments 222 Application Plan and Evaluation 222 viii CONTENTS SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA

Essay on journalism - 980 Words

A journalist is someone who works in the news gathering business, such as a photographer, editor or reporter. Journalism is all around us. It dominates television and surrounds us in the vast publishing industry of popularization. Journalism influence our perspectives on issues concerning us. In other words, its undeniable that journalism has a deep impact on our lives. There are two sides to journalism – good journalism and bad journalism. According to K. Minogue, the journalist has the power to mould the information they receive into â€Å"propaganda† or they could just report the news with additions of both side of the story. Journalism could even cause a political uproar like uncovering the Watergate scandal that forced†¦show more content†¦A dishonest journalist would face charges by the court. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Being independent would mean that there is no government influence in the media. The Singapore Press Holding (SPH), the leading newspaper publisher in Singapore, is a private holding company. However, the Singapore government has a system of controlling every media outlet through annual licensing requirements. Several foreign news organizations have been fined in Singapore like The Economist magazine. It seems to Bill Kovach, a journalist and writer for forty years and the founding director of the Committee of Concerned Journalists and its programs that the government and journalism work hand in hand together. He states, Without journalism, without a steady, reliable flow of independent information without which the creation, care and continuation of a public opinion would not be possible – self government would disappear. Journalism and self government will rise or fall together. ( Kovach B , 2002 ) Thus, I believe that the publishers in Singapore should not a be totally independent of the government as through journalism, it would help to increase understanding between the government and the public. Defending the principle of tight regulation of the media, at a meeting with journalists in December (2004), Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore Minister Mentor, said, The role of journalists in Singapore is that of contributing to the nations development and is notShow MoreRelatedJournalism And Culture Of Journalism1572 Words   |  7 PagesJournalism and culture are dominant, impactful pillars of society, sharing an inextricable relationship. Yet, the extent and influence of this relationship resists absolute categorisation, given its symbiotic nature, and fluid parameters. To assert journalism exclusively or exhaustively reflects culture would be flawed, as systemic social, political, and financial factors also shape cultural definitions. Equally, to posit journalism does not impact cultural perceptions would be erroneous, due toRead MoreThe Censorship Of The Journalism1546 Words   |  7 Pagesworld of journalism. People often downplay the significance of this huge task. Journalism allows people to know everything happening all around the world. It also allows questions that would otherwise be awkward to ask to be answered. It offers informa tive facts and often the whole truth to everyone out there. Without journalism the government would probably be in control of everything and fellow citizens would ignorant of the happenings around them. One of the roles in journalism is theRead MoreThe Role Of Conventional Journalism And Citizen Journalism850 Words   |  4 PagesBefore the further discussion about the role of conventional journalism and citizen journalism, an introduction of the case is of central importance as it is such a complex story that cannot be reduced to several words. Two waves of blasts happened in a warehouse storing toxic chemicals in Ruihai International Logistics at the Binhai Industrial Park in the Chinese port city of Tianjin. It have killed more than a hundred people including firefighters, left hundreds more injured or homeless, and causedRead MoreObjectivity in Journalism1988 Words   |  8 Pagesmaintains that a journalist cannot be completely neutral as humans are naturally moved by their emotions (cited in Roy, 2002). The notion of objectivity as a standard norm in reporting has been gradually adopted, marking the beginning of commercial journalism. The development of wire services such as Associated Press in 1848, introduced a market imperative to concentrate on the bare facts. The news stories were following the ‘inverted pyramid’ structure with the key points included in the introductionRead MoreJournalism and the Internet2295 Words   |  10 PagesJournalism and the Internet The development of new technologies and mass media influenced dramatically modern culture. In actuality, people spend a considerable part of their life while watching television and surfing Internet. At the same time, today, mass media become more and more diverse offering the audience different products in order to attract a possibly larger amount of viewers. In such a situation, many companies operating in entertainment industry and television attempt to conduct marketingRead MorePublic Journalism vs. Traditional Journalism2259 Words   |  10 Pagestwo distinct sides to the debate of journalism, their journalists, and the consumers: traditional journalism and public journalism. In the current digital age there is a greater number of public journalism being practiced. However, journalists and their consumers run into several issues concerning that matter. To express more clearly, there are particular roles and characteristics in which journalism standards are being gauged. The four dimensions of journalism, as mentioned by Don Heider, MaxwellRead More Citizen Journalism1587 Words   |  7 PagesJoan Cornell notes that the Internet democratizes the journalism which was in the hand of the few people (2003). The Internet makes the public access to information; at the same time, it creates the public to be journalists, opening blogs to put something new around on the Internet. Many news websites like The Guardian, the Washington Post, CNN and MSNBC allows some personification. The journalism nowadays is facing challenges not only from media and technology convergence, but also from audienceRead More Journalism Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesJournalism Today the term journalism is applied to prestigious publications such as The New York Times, and to television news operations such as 60 Minutes and NBC Nightly News. â€Å" First amendment rights and the democratic political environment of the united states have contributed to the uninhibited growth of the news media in public and private communication.†1 the world of journalism has changed dramatically from the colonial days. When newspapers were just channels or devices of commercialRead MoreBasics Journalism593 Words   |  2 PagesThe term â€Å"journalism† has taken on many definitions in the past two decades. It is no longer about television, print and radio content, but the digitalization of content. Today’s journalists are expected to go beyond traditional journalistic practices. They need to know how to be experts in digital reporting and publishing. By providing tips on how to organize data digitally, build websites, build an audience, create video, audio and photographed content, editing and publishing this content, BriggsRead MoreThe World with Journalism1148 Words   |  5 PagesCareer Research Project - Essay Without journalism, we would not be living the life we have today. At the end of the 20th Century there was a poll on what was the greatest invention of the last millennium. The top invention was the printing press invented by Guttenberg. The reason for the selection was the written word preserved knowledge. Prior to this everything we learned was passed by word of mouth. Many disasters and disease caused knowledge to be lost. Essentially mankind had to relearn

Weather anomalies very challenging Free Essays

Nino weather anomalies very challenging. (10)Countries in the Monsoon climatic region of SE S Asia depend on the rains that come with the precision of Calender dates (due to the precise dates of Sun’s seasonal shift as per Calender dates). It is essential for their agriculture, where countries with huge populations have to feed them, made possible with assured crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Weather anomalies very challenging or any similar topic only for you Order Now Any variation in timing ; rainfall quantum affects their crop production adversely. It also leads to unforeseen flooding caused by excessive rains (other environmental factors ike soil erosion aiding it) that washes out the crops. Monsoon is created by the Sea surface temperature variation (Pacific Ocean largely) as per Calender dates. El Nino refers to the unusual, unseasonal warming of the equatorial currents of the Pacific Ocean that upsets Monsoon. We all know how huge is this Ocean and how very broad (about 10000 miles) it is at its Equator; its sheer volume of water absorbs the solar heat energy and acts like an engine for the Monsoon. It is a challenge to these countries. Modellig it mathematically (an exercise in atmospheric Physics) is one of the most complicated problems with an innumerable set of parametrs ; that is a challenge. India bought the first ‘Cray’ Super-Computer for its meteorological department that can give accuarte predictio(a) Suggest why many countries find El Nino weather anomalies very challenging. (10) El Nino is referring to the dramatic change that occurs in the walker circulation cell and in other areas but I am going to focus on this specific area, where the usually outh-easterly trade winds going from west of South America to Australia and Indonesia across the Pacific Ocean reverse or severely weaken. This occurs usually every 3-7 years and can last between 12-18 months. During an El Nino the warm sea in the western pacific migrate towards the South American coast because they are being dragged across by the winds. This stops the upwelling near South America and means that there are little nutrients in the sea. This lack of nutrients ruins the South American fishing industry and courses them to loose lots of income and money, for xample in 1982/83 El Nino the South American fishing industry lost $290 million. Also as you can sea from fgure 7 there is lots of rain fall on the west coast of South America due to the low pressure, this heavy rain fall cause severe flooding and mudslides that result in loss of life, an example of this was in central Ecuador and Peru in 1997 when it suffered rainfall 10 times the average rainfall, this caused extensive flooding and erosion as well as mudslides, there was loss of life and destruction of property as the country wasn’t able to cope with the severe weather. On the other side of the pacific in Australia and Indonesia the cold weather reduces evaporation, which causes very little rain and therefore drought, for example in the 1982/83 El Nino eastern Australia suffered one of it’s worst drought ever, resulting in a $2000 million loss in agriculture production. It causes crop failure and famine and many people died as a result. How to cite Weather anomalies very challenging, Papers

Frankenstein Fate vs Free Will free essay sample

Frankenstein Oh how has Hollywood changed the story and lost the meanings of Frankenstein, for the themes have been missed by many people that have only seen the movies and not have read the book. One such theme Mary Shelly gives the reader is the power of Fate versus Free Will. Victor is found by Robert Walton in the artic while Victor is trying to capture a monster that he has created. Victor flashes back to his past and tells Robert how he created the monster and how the monster killed off his family. He warns Robert about many things by telling him how he reacted and why he reacted that way. Throughout the entire book, the main character Victor Frankenstein, says that it was his fate to create the monster and to let it rampage around the country. Every character resigns to the power of fate stating that it was up to the power of the heavens expect for the monster. We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein Fate vs Free Will or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The monster says that Fate does not exist but he can create his own future. Shelly uses the Victor, Justine, and the monster in Frankenstein to show the reader about Fate versus Free Will. In the very beginning of the book, Victor believes that it was his fate to become what he was. â€Å"I thank you,† he replied,† for your sympathy, but it is useless; my fate is nearly fulfilled. I wait but for one event, and then I shall repose in peace.† (letter 4.13) In this quote, Robert Walton is the point of view the reader is seeing from and he has recently picked up Victor from the artic. Victor was sickened by his chase for the monster and he wants to give his life story to Robert. In this quote, Victor says that whatever he does, this one even will happen, he has no control if it the event. He believes that his fate cannot be changed and he has to go with it until the very end. This submissiveness to Fate seems to indicate that he believes that it was not his fault for creating the monster and it killed off his family. The heavens control all and I have no way to stop anything they want to do is what Victor is saying. Another character that thinks like Victor was Justine. Justine has just been accused of the murder of William and has confessed to saying so. â€Å"Justine shook her head mournfully. â€Å"I do not fear to die,† she said; â€Å"that pang is past. God raises my weakness and gives me courage to endure the worst. I leave a sad and bitter world; and if you remember me and think of me as one unjustly condemned, I am resigned to the fate awaiting me. Learn from me; dear lade, to submit in patience to the will of heaven!† (Chapter 8.59) Justine talks about she is resigning to fate and submitting to the will of heaven, meaning that she thinks that she cannot do anything to change that. She will die just because the heaven wills it; life is worth more than just a whim. The will of heaven is not a thing that people can sense or measure, but just something people make up just to compensate for their feeling of hopelessness. The monster compares to the humans has a different view of Fate. He shares his view when he first meets his creator after his first victim. â€Å"Yet mine shall not be the submission of abject slavery. I will revenge my injuries; if I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear, and chiefly towards you my arch-enemy, because my creator, do I swear inextinguishable hatred. Have a care; I will work at your destruction, nor finish until I desolate your hear, so that you shall curse the hour of y our birth.† (Chapter 17.109) The monster says that his is not a slave to anything but to himself; he haves the power of free will. He does not care that fate does exist and â€Å"will† do what he wants to do to get his revenge. The power of fate has no hold of him and he does not blame the heavens for the problems he has received. Fate verses free will played a major part in Frankenstein, such a large role that every character was involved. Most of the characters such as Victor and Justine believed that the heavens had control of what they did and they could not have done anything to stop it. The monster, unlike Victor and Justine, believed in the power of free will and a person could do anything without the interference of the heavens. Both Victor and Justine blamed the heavens for their misfortunes instead of blaming themselves. The monster blamed himself to be an ugly beast and that resulted in blaming his creator for making him that way. He used his own actions to create his own future by ruining the future of his creator. The power of Fate is something that can or cannot exist but free will is something that each person has and can use the power of it to change the future.

25 Active Adjectives for Your Résumé

25 Active Adjectives for Your Rà ©sumà © In the United States, distance learning at the college level has some advantages, but also some disadvantages that are pertinent to your ability to get the job you want with your online degree. It  becomes especially important for graduates of distance learning institutions to take steps to overcome this deficit when applying for a job. Your rà ©sumà © is where youll start. Deficits the Rà ©sumà © Can Help Overcome Employers often have some reservations about hiring graduates of online institutions - an attitude confirmed by a doctoral research study, The Market Value of Online Degrees as a Credible Credential, as well as by reports in U.S. News and World Report,  The New York Times  and elsewhere. The research study and news reports indicate that some reservations about distance learning graduates are simply the consequence of a lack of familiarity with the quality of education some online institutions offer - a reservation probably exacerbated by the well-publicized downfalls in 2016 of a few online degree institutions, especially the widely reported failure of The University of Phoenix. Beyond general (and sometimes not fully informed) objections to online learning by corporations considering new hires, there are some recurrent specific objections expressed by HRTs in the research study and in these news report that you will need to address. These are: Objections to degrees from unaccredited institutionsObjections to degrees from unfamiliar institutionsThe belief that science and engineering (and some other) courses require hands-on classroom experience unavailable onlineThe absence of the kind of social experience available in bricks and mortar institutions that prepare students for corporate employment - especially experience working in teams. How to Overcome These Deficits in Your Rà ©sumà © Herere some of the things you can do in your rà ©sumà © to combat these deficits. Make it easy for whoever reads your rà ©sumà © to believe in the validity of your institution. Theres no one right way to do this but consider footnoting the first mention of your institution with a short, but specific reference to its government accreditation. Dont simply supply the U.S. Department of Educations general website. Report concisely on the specifics of the governments accreditation of your particular institution. In no more than a sentence or two, do what you can do differentiate your institution from others of lesser repute. If your institution has some famous alums, mention one or (at most) two.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Briefly (this is the most important word to remember when drafting your rà ©sumà ©) point to whatever you can that establishes that while your institution may not be widely known, its an institution thats been in business for a while and is widely respected. This might be combined with the first suggestion, above.If youve had other kinds of hands-on experience, and many distance learners have, state this early in your rà ©sumà © to dispel the idea that your online degree hasnt provided you with real-world experience. Make it clear youve had other experiences related to your field that are equally valid. Do what you can - again, being both specific and concise - to show that youre comfortable and experienced working with others, either in some program that your online institution provides or through your life experiences.Help your rà ©sumà ©Ã‚  reviewer understand your strong points by using adjectives (but not too many of them!) that point them out. Several of these also address the points raised in 1-4, above. You are: DeterminedHard-workingDiligentTrustworthyA team-playerMotivatedReliableA self-starterLoyalStudiousAttentiveConscientiousIndustriousPersistentDynamicEnergeticEnterprisingEnthusiasticAggressiveConsistentOrganizedProfessionalMethodicalSkillfulPassionate

Lol

Lol Daniel is a starving student and is awaiting the start of the snowboarding season in Tahoe. He receives student loans checks for every quarter, however he will need to squeeze his wallet if he wants to go with his buddies. The cost of rental and life ticket is quite expensive. One of Daniel's main costs, is the amount of money Daniel spends on his dates with his girlfriend. After careful calculation, Daniel figured that he mush spend, on average per day, less than $4.54. An amount, which he felt would give him the least amount of money needed, while keeping his relationship intact. From the credit statements and checkbook balance sheet, Daniel was able to find the average amount he had been spending on the past 61 rendezvous he has had with his girlfriend, which worked out to about $4.53, and he was able to call his creditor to find his established average money spent per day which was $4.60Daniel Buren

Role of Citizen Diplomacy in Shaping Contemporary World Politics Essay

Role of Citizen Diplomacy in Shaping Contemporary World Politics - Essay Example Citizen diplomacy plays important role in shaping the contemporary world politics because it has become now common for the countries to interact at citizen level especially where the governments of the countries do not officially recognize each other. Citizen diplomacy compliments the official or formal diplomacy but in some cases it could also challenge the official diplomacy by following different tract and strategy. In these cases, the governments of the countries usually ban the track two or citizen diplomacy for the management of their affairs solely through the official foreign policy and formal diplomats (Melissen, 2008).   Citizen diplomacy is not very new concept for the world. It was pioneered by a physicist Robert Fuller during 1970s and 1980s. He used to travel Soviet Union with the intention of alleviating the Cold War. After the demise of Russian empire, Fuller continued his efforts and propagated his thoughts all over the globe that the common people could also play defining role in bringing peace to the world politics (Patterson, 2007). In 1981, David Hoffman wrote an article about Fuller and coined the term citizen diplomacy giving a name to the efforts and concept divulged by Fuller through his continuous efforts. Since then citizen diplomacy has widely been recognized as an important tool of securing peace and friendly relationship between the states. Some historians also believe that the term was actually coined by Joe Montville to refer to the private negotiations. between the citizens of different countries (Gilboa, 2001). The role of citizen diplomacy in the contemporary world politics could be understood from the perspective that it came to play supportive role in the situations where the official diplomatic communication links between the countries are broken and they are stuck with the negotiation process. The continuation of such situation could lead towards cold war between the involved countries and in such situation the citizen diplomacy works for releasing

Sociological Perspective and Sociological Imagination Essay

Sociological Perspective and Sociological Imagination - Essay Example The ideology of self and self concept has been differing from historical eras, cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic classes. There are three other concepts underlying the idea of self concept. They are the self esteem, self efficacy and self monitoring. Personality is a compilation of emotional and behavioral patterns exclusive to a person that is steady over time. One more aspect to be understood in lieu of the cognition for self is spirituality. Spirituality can be described in various ways but the most common definitions are that spirituality endows with logic of meaning and purpose in life and includes a belief that the soul starts of in another realm or it is reincarnated after a person's death. These beliefs include supernatural beings or powers, such as a God or a hierarchy of gods, angels and demons, this is for different religions. Thus we can say that the supernatural world at times comes closer and at times gets farther away to the real world scenarios as per beliefs of different persons. As of a spiritual standpoint, the main purpose of human life is to grow spiritually.

Literature Review of E-Banking

Literature Review of E-Banking CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter is the literature review; the purpose of this chapter is to investigate past publications by different authors. This will include textbooks, articles and online publications that could enlightened the readers more on the area of banking and internet security measures, the standard and policy used for internet banking security in the United Kingdom and more importantly, the synergistic impact of online banking and information security in the UK banking sector. Since the invention of information technology and the internet, people of different calibre are using it to improve the services efficiently and effectively. In the retail banking sector, most of the businesses have moved majority of their physical transaction processes to online transaction process. A good example of this, I own an account with the HSBC bank for over 4years now and I cannot remember the last time I went into my branch to transact business. Most of my bill payment and transfers are done through my online banking.) Irrespective of this, Lassar et al. (2005) also affirmed that financial institutions should be able to forecast and figure out how such technology will be applied by customers. Banks and Financial institutions rely upon mostly on Information Technology for their everyday activities; therefore the Information acquired by financial organisation is not used only by the organisation and their employees but also by their customers and stake holders and partners. The users who rely on these services anticipate constant possibility of direct access to organizational information (McAnally, et al 2000). Comment..Your idea is good but you are not using well structured sentences and paragraphing. We need to talk about this asap! DEFINITION OF E BANKING. The growing tendency of e banking transaction has really signalled issues on information security that are to be noted and stringently taken care of. To get this security managed, it must be a combined effort and relationship between the customers and the financial institutions. (Re-structure the above paragraph) In general, e-banking is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers through electronic, interactive communication channels. E-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network, including the Internet which is an integral part of e-banking. (FFIEC handbook, 2006). This new development as drastically changed the phase of internet business in the United Kingdom and it is a welcome phenomenon. WHAT IS INTERNET BANKING. For quite some years now, internet banking levels have been executed to be more fficient approach through which the banking transactions are made without having o leave your place of abode or your place of work. Some of the customers have been ecognised to turn to internet banking as a result of frustrations with conventional tandard of operation and practices. Anand, (2008) said further that while some ustomers want human interaction in transaction, some of them turned to the internet acilities for security reasons. The reason is that the customer are given assurance that heir transactions are safe and secured and most of these transactions are made via the nternet explorer interface. In its report in 2009 (what report?.This is not Harvard standard of referencing), he said online bankinghas risen. 25% of all the people who responded as regards to the most preferred way to bank.Mobile bankinghas not started at all. Only 1% of the people make transaction via mobile. The figure below s hows how they stand: Online banking: 25% Branches: 21% ATM: 17% Mail: 9% Telephone: 4% Mobile: 1% Unknown: 23% Comment Can you represent this figures or percentage with a pie chart/graph or something more comprehensive? He went ahead and said more people visit the bank branch than using the online banking . The term internet banking can then be referred to as the use of internet as a secluded way of doing banking services. These services comprise the conventional ways such as account opening or funds transfer to different accounts and new banking services like payments online that is customers permission to receive and pay bills on their website. Having understood the significant importance of IT and e banking and amount of risks and threats involve in driving the business process, therefore there is need for consistent continuation of security in business, which brings about the understanding of Information security. It is a continuous process. Information security, is the process of protecting information and information system from unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, destruction or bombardment, it involves confidentiality, integrity and availability of various data irrespective of the form the data takes. E.g. electronic, print, written verbal or in any other forms. (ISACA and CISA Review Manual, 2006). Comment You are not given your headings titles figures e.g. 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 etc You did not give your tables title and figures either. An Overview Of Online Banking Environment in UK An increasing competitions among the financial institutions have forced many of the competitors to offer similar prices on deposits and loans, the effort for gaining competitive advantage were shifted towards no priced-factors (Akinci et.al 2004). customers and financial institutes have noted the recent revolution in UK retail banking. The conversion from traditional banking to internet banking has been effective (kolodinsky and Hogarth, 2001). Although some researchers have bated that online banking has not lived up to expectation e.g Sarel and Marmorstein (2003) and Wang et al. (2003), a lots of studies still say that internet banking is still the most wealthiest and profitable means to transact business(Mos,1998;Sheshunoff, 2000).Online banking has come to stay no doubt about that and financial institutions are ready to move on with it. Luxman (1999) for example predicted that in the nearest future that the importance of internet banking will be felt most especially in the remote areas where some bans have closed their branches Going by the survey carried out for alliance and Leicester by (VOBS survey, 2004), 2,395 UK adults were interviewed, more that half of them now bank online. 61 percent now used it more than the previous couple of years. However, visiting the baking hall is very much popular with respondents preferring to go to banking and deal face to face with the banking staff for activities like paying cheques 73 percent, 20 percent withdraw cash over the counter and 20 percent will lodge on one complaints or the other. Mike Warriner (2008).said in a recent report from Forrester stated that only 31% of British adults bank online despite 75% regularly shopping online to quote Benjamin Ensor, principal analyst at Forrester Research, By international standards, the U.K. is an online banking laggard. He then goes on to say that The U.K. also has a relatively large number of quitters, with about two million people saying that they used to use online banking but have given up. WHAT IS WRONG WITH UK INTERNET BANKING According to a survey carried out by Darrell R. (2009) Medium size organizations all over the world are very much concerned about cyber threats. The number of incidents reported really justifies their doubts. At the close of mid 2009, McAfee discovered a new malware as they did in 2008 which could cause a lot of havoc in the internet world..Irrespective of this discovery; most organizations still cut their IT security budget instead of increasing it. A threat up budget down, McAfee called it security paradox. Ron C. (2009) reports that most companies in the UK are lagging behind the rest of the world in information security management practices, according to a new study from PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 7,000 security professionals all over the world was surveyed, mainly in large companies consisting of 455 in the U.K. The survey found out that British organisation emerges to be less prepared to fight the risks that tackle them in their information systems. The table below shows that U.K. lags in quite a few key areas of information security. Organisations have smaller amount CISOs in place; only 37% have a clear idea of where their data is stored. Then, nearly half (49%) do not know the number of security incidents they experienced in the preceding year. INTERNET TRANSACTION Transactions online help customers with the competence to conduct transactions via the website of the institution by introducing banking transactions or buying products and services. There are lots of transactions customers can engaged in on the internet which can be a small as basic retail account balance to a very big business funds transfer. Internet banking services, such as the ones carried out through some other means are categorised based on the type of customers they support. The following table shows some of the common retail and wholesale internet banking services offered by financial institutions. (FFIEC, 2006) Since transactional websites typically enable the electronic exchange of confidential. Customer information and the transfer of funds, services through online banking makes the financial institutions to be vulnerable to higher risk than basic. ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE BANKING. Convenience According to (Gerlach, 2000), internet banking services allow customers handle their habitual banking transaction without visiting the bank building or meeting any banks staff. No need to wait until 8 or 9 in the morning before you can get answer to your bank account request or details Customers can handle their transactions anywhere they like as long as they are connected to the internet or where there is availability of internet. However, since most banks offers 24 hours online banking services 7 days a week, internet banking can allow you to view and work with your account no matter what time or day it is. Thus, they can make payments, check balance, transfer money etc at the comfort zone of their homes or offices. Hence online banking has broken the limitations of the conventional way of banking thus provides customers swiftness and convenience. Time Saving and Money. When you visit banks, you will discover that most banks branches are always engaged with one activity and customers have to wait for a long time before attended to. This is a waste of time and energy. Luckily, some banking transactions can be handled at home or in office or anywhere that is convenient for the customers. In other words, customers do not need to wait for a long time in a long queue or go to their respective banks branch to carry out their banking business. Online banking therefore helps can help customers to save time and cost of travelling. Ease and Efficiency As long as they adhere to the simple steps to be followed by login in their information and clicking the right button, customers can able to check their accounts and know what their balance is, transfer funds and also carry out other valuable transactions. The timely check can help customers overdraft charges and also to know if the transactions they made was successful and completed. Hence, banking online helps customers to manage their account more easily and conveniently. On Time Gain and Update Information Online banking systems also provide the customers a timely updates about both their existing and new products and services, banking news and other vital information that the customers need to know or be updated with. Therefore customers can benefit some relative information at the appropriate time for them to make quick and right decisions. Profitability Fewer banking building will be maintained as a result of online banking and fewer employers will be involved there is a much lower over head with online banks. The saving they get as a result of this process allows them to give greater interest rates on savings account and lower lending rates and service charge. Cost Effective Internet banking cost less, this is because there are only few buildings to maintain and salaries paid to employees will be reduced as well. Since they have more to safe now and this allows them to increase their interest rate on savings account and lower lending rate and charges Easier To Catch Fraudulent Activities Since you have the opportunity of viewing your account details at anytime, it is easier to know if any fraudulent activities have gone through your account before much damage is done. Once you log into your account, you will see immediately whether there is anything wrong when you check your deposits and debits. If you do not make any transaction and you see any strange details in your account, you will see it write away and make necessary alarm to the financial institution While the internet offers miscellaneous advantages and opportunities, it also presents various security risks. Having this in mind, banks take wide measures to protect the information transmitted and processed when banking online. This comprises ensuring confidential data sent over the internet cannot be accessed on modified by unauthorised third party. But banks dont normally have influence of the systems used by the customers. The choice is entirely up to them. More over a system connected that is a pc connected to the internet for example will usually be used for a number of other applications as well. The systems used by the online banking customers are therefore exposed to risks beyond the banks control. For this reason, the bankers cannot be liable for them. Berlin, (2007). Some Dangers Faced When Using the Internet. Berlin, (2007) Third party gaining access to information transmitted or getting information under false pretences, this can be done with the aid of the following: Virus and warms: Programmes that are sent over the internet that can damage your pc when they replicate. Trojans: programmes that intercepts passwords that is not known to users that compromise computer security. Phishing: Using a fake name, website or address for fraudulent purposes. Pharming: Users being redirected to fraudulent server Root kits; An unauthorized administrative level access without the real administrator noticing through a malicious software. Their feature is almost as Trojans. Hacking: Having access to a PC via the internet when not authorised. Banks now have some numbers of measures in place that gives effective protection against attacks when information are processed by the bankers server or when information is sent over the internet. SOME SECURITY RULES WERE ALSO GIVEN Rule 1: Install security software including an up to date scanner. Additional security software has to be installed. your normal operating system standard tools alone cannot solve some security problems. F your security is not adequately in place, you run the risk of unauthorised persons gaining access to your data.e.g never save you PINs and TANs on your PC. A firewall can protect you from such attack Rule 2: Protect sensitive data when sending it over open network. Data sent over the internet may be intercepted or viewed by an unauthorised third party when the network is not secured. Banks have now taken some measure to ensure that data sent via the internet is encrypted before transmission. Rule 3: Be sure you know who you are dealing with. Not everyone on the internet are not who they claim they are. Check the URL you are in and make sure that your banks internet address is correctly spelled. Hackers impersonate someone in a position of trust to get the information they needed. This is called PHISHING. It is another technique to steal confidential code. This works by redirecting you to their own rogue server. Rule 4: Be careful with sensitive data and access media Your access code and media must be protected e.g. (PINs, chips) from unauthorised use. Do not save sensitive data such as Passwords PINs, access code, credit card numbers on your hard drive especially if the PC is not been used by you alone. This could allow third party to view your data. Rule 5: Choose a secure password. A combination of upper case and lower case letters , numbers and symbols is a typical example of a good password usually of six to eight characters. It will be difficult for anyone to guess your password. Rule 6: Only use a programme from a trustworthy source Dont download from the internet any programme into your hard drive unless you are sure of the source and that its reliable. Rule 7: Use up-to-date programme version Use your preferred internet browser and PC operating system version that is up-to-date. Rule 8: Run security checks on your PC Take a few moment to run a personal security checks before using your PC to bank online. Make sure the entire security feature that protects your computer are on. Rule 9: The security setting on your internet browser must be activated. Use Block ActiveX Control and let Java applet to run after confirmation. Do not make use of browser auto-completion function which is able to save your user name and passwords you enter and suggest matches. Rule 10: Do not make your current account available for fraudulent financial transaction. Any offers that is asking you to make your current account available for payment and other financial transaction for unknown firms and individual must be suspicious especially if they are located not within your country SOME ONLINE BANKING SCURITIES AVAILABLE Internet Security: Internet security refers to the methods used in protecting data and information in a computer from unauthorized persons. It is a serious issue in the world wide today. People who use internet should be using the internet should be well conscious of the trouble aroused as a result of it. A familiar methods used by people to guarantee information in internet are Encryption of the data Encryption of data deals with packaging up the original information into an unintelligible form that can be decoded using a certain technique. This is called cipher text. Usage of passwords -Passwords are used to avoid illegal entry of data so that the entire system is protected. Creation of passwords must be in a way that the other people do not simply guess it. Methods: There are some several methods that helps in internet security. They are listed below; Firewalls:This is software that filters unlawful access in a network. It must have a correct configuration and has to be combined with proxy firewall for a protected system. Taking Backup of Data: backup of the data from the system should be taken regularly. If the computer unexpectedly crashes down or the operating system failed to boot due to virus attack, by taking the backup data will reduce the penalty. Preventing Virus Attack: Viruses can affect computer, Trojan horse, worms etc as a result of some infected files downloaded from the internet. They are programs that are installed by itself and run at any time the host programs run and cause malicious attack. Baleful Links:Those who use the internet can avoid their system from getting affected by the virus by avoiding needless links and emails.Links may lead to download files suddenly. These cause a problem to the security of the computer and therefore must be avoided. File Sharing:Both original and pirated files are joined when files are shared on the internet thereby reduces the speed of the computer. This must be prevented. Routers:Some connections are prevented by certain routers from outside from the computer. NAT (Network Address Translation) is software that does this function and its of low cost and smallest amount complexity. Preventing Spy-Ware: Internet securities are threatened by several software. Without the permission of the user some software runs along with other application. Insider threat detection sill a challenge Threats detection from inside has always been a problem, but most investments in information security still tend to focus on keeping out viruses and intruders. The possible danger of a rascal employee can regularly be discounted, mistreated or just take the risk of doing business. A new survey conducted among 600 office workers in Canary Wharf, London and Wall Street, New York, revealed that many employees have no qualms about mishandling information. One-third of them said they would steal data to help a friend find a job, and 41% admitted they had already taken data, just in case they needed it in some future employment. Ron C. (2009) The study, which was commissioned by security company Cyber-Ark Software Inc., found that customers and their contact details were the favourite files to steal, followed by plans, proposals and product information. CUSTOMERS ATTITUDE Understanding of the impact of technology based transaction system on customers perceptions and behaviour is essential. (Moutinho et al. 2000).If banks are willing to integrate new technology into their existing relationship buildng activities Asher (1999) argued that cooperate customers seems to be willing to use internet as a key medium in banks dealings. He said the evidence suggest that coperate clints have shown a preference for online banking, due to the perception of being more cost effevtiv thah conventional channels Financial institutions use this technology in service delivery may often compromise bank business relation. (Keltner 1995) in terms of higher degree of convinience and accessability. (Devlin 1995) Therfore customers perception is very high in the delivery of the electronic banking. According to Nexhmi et al.(2003). Customers participate typically is the process of enabling customers to make their services, products. It can be diversified between the types of serv ices offered, even the services providers within the same market place for intance. Meuter et al.(2000) points out that self service technologies are increasing the way in which customers interact with their providers in the creation of service outcomes and are a typical example of a market place transaction that require no personal interaction FINANCIAL INSTITUTION AD MANAGERS ATTITUDE AND APPROACH Internet banking was still in a very young stage and its entire benefits has been realised.(Nath et. al 2001). In this case, managers of financial institutions attitude towards the perceptions of electronic channels were of significant importance.(Akinci et .al( 2004). Mols (2001) state that management support and future orientation were the two most important factors which driving the introduction and expectation of the new e-channel In another study, Mols (2000) grouped the bank managers according to their attitude towards internet banking: The sceptics the nervous, the positive and the reluctant groups. In Scotland, Moutinho et.al (2002) emphasized he scotish bank managers efficiency and enhancement of customer services as to perceive advantages of internet banking. Faster easier and more reliable service to customer and the improment of the competitive position were highlighted. (Aladwani ,2001). Based on the UK evidence,Li 2001 claimed that: the integrated banking model, aroun d which traditional banks have built their strategies in the past were showing sign of fragmentation In this sense, he sumerised four emerging internet model in the UK. The first was based on accepting internet banking as a new delivery channel that was integrated with existing model. The second model is called e-banking, was based on multibanking in which the internet was the integrative component. The third model consisted of creating baby e-banks with their own e brand name and product range. The last model was seen as entirely a new business model without a physical network. Laws, Directives, Regulations and Standards Shon Harris All in One Certified Information System Security Professional Exam Guide, Fourth Edition, 2008 Different laws, directives, regulations and standards were enacted for different reasons which include data protection, software copyright, data privacy, computer misuse as well as controls on cryptography. Health and safety, prevention of fraudulent activities, personal privacy, public order, intellectual property, environment protection and national security are reasons why the regulations can be implemented in governments and private sectors. The violation of these regulations has a severe punishment attached to them which may range from fine to jail term of up to ten years or more depending on the gravity of the crime committed. Examples of the regulations that governs information usage and protection are discussed briefly below The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) The SOX was enacted in 2002 as a result of the corporate scandals and fraud that threatened the economy of United States of America. This is also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 that applied to companies that publicly trading on United States market. How organizations must track, manage and report on financial information was provided for in the SOX requirements. Processes and controls must be in place to protect data because of the organizations reliance on computer equipment and electronic storage for transacting and archiving data, the section 404 of SOX is directly applied to information technology. Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and others can be jailed if the law is violated. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act This act is the primary U.S federal antihacking statute that was written in 1986 and amended in 1996.Prohibition was made on seven forms of activities and was made federal crimes: The knowing access of computers of the federal government to obtain classified information without authorization or in excess of authorization.. The intentional access of computer to obtain information from a financial institution, the federal government, or nay protected computer involved in interstate or foreign communications without authorization or through use of excess of authorization. The intentional and unauthorized access of computers of the federal government, or computers used by or for government when the .access affects the governments use of that computer. The knowing access of a protected computer without authorization or in excess of authorization with the intent to defraud. Knowingly causing the transmission of a program, information, code, or command and, as a result of such conduct, intentionally causing damage without authorization to a protected computer. The knowing trafficking of computer passwords with the intent to defraud. The transmission of communications containing threats to cause damage to a protected computer. The penalty for breaching this act ranges from felonies to misdemeanors with corresponding small to large fines and jail sentences. Employee Privacy Issues For a company to be adequately protected, various employee privacy issues must be considered within the organization. Organization must understand what it can and cannot monitor as a result of different state with different privacy laws. Organization must state it in its policy that monitoring in any form are done within the organization to prevent being sued by employee for invading their privacy. This is considered the best way in which organization can protect itself. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) The advent of internet and computer technology led to the increase in identity theft and credit card fraud which gives opportunity to millions to be stolen at once. Stabilizing customer trust in credit card as a safe way of conducting transaction and to curb the problem, a proactive step was taking by the credit card industry. The standard affects any entity that processes, transmits, stores or accepts credit data. The PCI Data Security Standard is made up of 12 main requirements that are broken down into six major categories. They are A Secured Network must be built and maintained. Requirement 1: To protect cardholder data, a firewall configuration must be installed and maintained Requirement 2: Ensure that systems passwords and other security parameters are not in vendors supplied defaults. Data of Cardholder must be protected. Requirement 3: Stored data of cardholder must be protected. Requirement 4: Across open and public networks, cardholder data must be encrypted in transmission Vulnerability Management Program must be maintained. Requirement 5:Anti-virus software must be used and updated regularly. Requirement 6: Secured systems and applications must be developed and maintained. Access Control Measures must be strong in its implementation. Requirement 7: Based on Business need-to-know, cardholder data access must be restricted. Requirement 8: Every individual having access to computer must be given a unique ID. Requirement 9: Physical access to cardholder data must be adequately restricted. Monitoring and Testing of Networks must be carried out regularly Requirement 10: All access to network resources and cardholder data must be tracked and monitored. Requirement 11: Security systems and processes must be regularly tested. An Information Security Policy must be developed and maintained. Requirement 12: A policy that addresses information security must be maintained The violation of the standard does not lead to jail term but may result in financial penalties or revocation of merchant status within the credit card industry because PCI DSS is a private sector initiative. 2.5 Database Security, Compliance and Audit by Charles Le Grand and Dan Sarel. Information Systems Control Journal Vol 5, 2008. Grand and Sarel (2008), states what it takes to adequately protect the database to ensure that compliance is met. It also provides information for auditing purposes. The objectives for ensuring database access control were also exploded by the authors. On the conclusion note of the article the authors said that the simple goal of ensuring database security is to ensure that only authorized individuals have access and all access is monitored. To limit access to only people whose jobs require it, access protection must apply to identifying the sensitive data elements: the methods for managing user credentials and access rights: and the records of who accessed what, when and what they did with it. Insider

Determining the Mole Ratios in a Chemical Reaction Essay

The purpose of this lab was to determine the mole ratios of the reactants hypochlorite ion (OCI ) and thiosulfate (S O ) when reacted in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation gives the mole ratios of the reactants and products involved in the chemical reaction. When some formulas of the products are not known, experimental measurements can be made to determine those ratios. During this reaction, hypochlorite ions oxidize the thiosulfate ions according to the unbalanced and incomplete reaction below. A OCI + B S O products The reactions are all exothermic, so the heat produced will be directly proportional to the amount of reaction that occurs. There’s an objective of this experiment and its †¢Measure the enthalpy change of a series of reactions †¢Determine the stoichiometry of an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the reactants are known but the products are unknown Materials †¢Lab Quest †¢Lab Quest App †¢Temp. Probe †¢Two 10mL graduated cylinders †¢Two 25mL graduated cylinders †¢Two 50 mL graduated cylinders †¢Three 250mL beakers †¢0.50 M sodium hypochlorite, NaOCI †¢0.50 M sodium thiosulfate, Na S O †¢0.2 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH †¢Styrofoam Cups Procedure Submitted as the carbon-less copy of the pre-lab outline (see attached) Results and Discussion During this experiment we first, prepared the solutions of the reactants in which the concentrations are known. Second, we mixed the solutions a number of times using different ratios of reactants. Third, the change of temperature is the property that needs to be measured. All the reactions are all exothermic, so heat that’s produced will be directly proportional to the amount of reaction that occurs. The experiment was designed so that the volume of solution is a constant for all measurements, the temperature change will also be proportional to the quantity of reactants consumed. The total number of moles of reactants is also kept a constant for the series of measurements. Considering that each measurement is made with a different mole ratio of reactants. The optimum ratio (determined after the results of the trials are graphed) is the stoichiometric ratio in the equation, which concludes that it should consume the greatest amount of reactants, form the greatest amount of products, and generate the most heat and maximum temperature change.

Descartes Myth-Gilbert Ryle

Descartes Myth Gilbert Ryle Gilbert Ryle is a professor who challenged the beliefs of Descartes and his theory on mind-body-separation, he organized them into four doctrines, and they are as follows: The Official Doctrine: This part deals with the human body and mind, how they are interconnected but still different at the same time. He displays the physical human body to be a public affair and something that all in this world can visually see; the mind however, is a much more private and personal affair. With this belief, humans can have two parts: mind (private) and body (public), these parts play different roles as one can affect the other or completely disguise the other. Ryle states that Descartes may have uncertainties about episodes in the physical world, but does not have any uncertainties when analyzing the state of his mind. For example, say Bob’s mind is expressed, no one but Bob will be able to respond to these expressions (feelings). Changes in both of the worlds can affect one another through the physical and intellectual (mind) aspects and challenges that one may face in their lifetime. The Absurdity of the Official Doctrine: The idea of mind-body separation seems absurd to Ryle which is why he refers to it as â€Å"The Dogma of the Ghost in the Machine†. He believes that this idea contains categorical mistakes (when one recognizes the parts and not the entity). For example, say Bob is showing his friend around the mall, he shows him the stores, the food court and the lounge, but his friend still questions Bob into asking him what the mall is? He sees all the different components to it, but he did not connect the different parts of the mall to collectively create the mall. Theoretical Categorical mistakes can be understood by Ryle’s reference to ‘John Dowe’ , even though John Dowe really doesn’t exist and is just a normal human being, people assimilate it to a certain human who attains these characteristics. Origin of Category Mistake: In relation to the above belief, he believes that the mind and body arise during the maturity of science. Science helped for society to evolve and understand certain things about life without a religious motive. (1) The mind is not matter, in space or under public observation (2) Physical world is determined (3) ————————————————- There is no moral values applicable (4) How can one be morally responsible if they are simply mechanical beings Ryle believes that Descartes made the assumption that mind and body are separate too quick, as they seem to be more correlated. Before a category is assumed, one must tackle and try to solve it first. Ryle gives the example from a person buying a pair of gloves, and says it would be an error to say that the person bought a right handed glove or a left handed glove, but not both. Historical Note: The implications of ‘myths’ are explained to show that they do in fact portray theoretical good. Science and moral also deal with Descartes beliefs and teachings. WC:509

The Many Meanings of the French Subject Pronoun On

More often than not, the modern uses of the French subject pronoun â€Å"on† is a mystery to students of French. Traditional methods teach that â€Å"on† means â€Å"one†. But in today’s French, â€Å"on† is mostly used instead of â€Å"we†. Actually, â€Å"we† is becoming more and more formal, used mostly for writing. When speaking, we use â€Å"on†. Here is how â€Å"on† works 1. On = 3rd person singular verb (ilverb form) The first thing to understand when it comes to â€Å"on†, is that no matter its meaning, â€Å"on† will ALWAYS take a 3rd person singular verb form, like â€Å"il† and â€Å"elle†. On doit, on a, on peut... We must, we have, we can... 2. On = one, people (you) This is the old explanation for â€Å"on†. Honestly, how often do you use the English â€Å"one† in a sentence? So â€Å"on† is the â€Å"impersonal, the unspecific† subject pronoun, but watch out! It’s not at all the same thing as â€Å"it† in English, which refers to a thing or an animal. â€Å"On† always refers to a person. On doit bien chercher - One has to look carefullyOn peut louer une voiture - it’s possible to rent a car In this meaning, you could also translate â€Å"on† as â€Å"people†, or even â€Å"you† - not meaning â€Å"you† in particular, but an unspecific â€Å"you†... that would be a bit more modern than â€Å"one†! En geÃŒ neÃŒ ral, quand on a des enfants, on a une voiture - in general, when people/you have children, people/you have a car. 3. On = we in spoken French Watch out though! When on means we, the verb is still an â€Å"il† form, not a â€Å"nous† form. Olivier et moi, on est contents - Olivier and I, we are happy NOT Olivier et moi on sommes contents. On est, never on sommes. Using on to say we is the most common way of saying â€Å"we† in French nowadays. I use it all the time, so do my parents, so it’s very, very much used this way. â€Å"Nous† is more formal, used in writing or in a formal context. But dont get me wrong, nous is very used as well, and you still need to learn to conjugate the nous verb form! 4. On and the adjective agreements When â€Å"on† means â€Å"we†, the adjective, if any, will agree in number and gender with the true meaning of â€Å"on†: so it will be plural for sure, feminine or masculine. On est contents - we are happyOn n’est pas treÌ€s sportifs - we are not very sporty When â€Å"on† means â€Å"one, you, people†, or an unspecific person, it’s usually masculine singular. Quand on est sportif, on est pas fatigueÃŒ  - when you are sporty, you are not tired. But you have to be smart, and stay focused on the context. Sometime, this unspecific person could only be feminine... Quand on est enceinte, on est fatigueÃŒ e - when you are pregnant, you are tired How To Train to Understand On? If you are serious about learning French, I strongly suggest you find a good French learning audio method. Written French and spoken French are like two different languages, and you need audio - and someone who can not only list the grammar points but explain them well - to conquer French. I suggest you take a look at  my own French learning method  as well as my article on the  Best French tools for the self-learning student. For more about French subject pronouns, I suggest you read my lessons: - introduction to French subject pronouns which will answer questions such as what is a subject pronoun, how to figure out the subject in French? What does the first person plural mean? and other useful information for you to understand the grammatical jargon French books and teachers use. - Singular French subject pronouns for a detailed study of je, tu, il and elle. -  Plural French subject pronouns for a detailed study of nous, vous, ils and elles. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest  pages - so join me there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchtoday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/