Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout Presentation: In spite of the advancement of oil and gas industry innovation, Wellbore shakiness stays one of non gainful time that cost industry billions consistently. wellbore shakiness has been one of the well arranging stage and been concentrated broadly (Bradley,1979; Bell, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Gentzis et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding, 2011). Boring through a development prompted pressure changing a round the borehole because of rock expulsion. In this examination, mud weight pressure is the controllable boundary during the boring. The mud weight pressure impacts can cause two disappointment instruments which are shear disappointment (breakout) and tractable disappointment (cracking), these issues consider as the fundamental wellbore disappointment. Borehole breakout happens when the mud weight is lower than anticipated. in other word, the breakout disappointment happens when the pressure forced by penetrating mud lower than compressive quality. Then again, higher mud weight can pr ompt ductile disappointment due to attack of mud into the arrangement. The outcomes behind these issues are stuck channel, reaming activity, lost course, and derailing. To kill these issues numerous boundaries ought to be viewed as such us rock quality, pore pressure, in-situ stress, and stress direction. Besides, breakout and cracking can be lessening or dispense with by picking the appropriate mud weight for boring. By utilizing a constitutive model to anticipate the worries around the wellbore associated with a disappointment rules, Strength of supply rocks can be determined. Consequently, determination of the reasonable disappointment measures will consider as the fundamental piece of wellbore security investigation. Borehole breakout is a broadening and lengthening of wellbore a specific way and it considers as the significant markers to anticipate the direction of min. flat pressure. This augmentation can be anticipated by utilizing 4-6 arm caliper device, Optical imaging log, resistive picture log, and acoustic picture log (Jaeger et al.,2009; Bell and Gough, 1979; Zoback et al.,1985).ã‚â Figure (1) shows wellbore amplification design by means of 4 arm caliper. The 4 arms caliper has 4 cushions in two calipers (cushion 1 and 3) speak to Caliper 1 (C1) and (cushion 2 and 4) speak to caliper 2 (C2). The breadth of the gap can be recognized from those two calipers. Fig 1a speaks to an in-measure opening reason C1 and C2 have same perusing of bit size. Interestingly 1C shows an extreme waste of time in gap size and caliper perusing show this growth. Remain on well logs information and observational conditions, the stone quality and mechanical properties can be gotten (Rahimi, 2014). (Westergarrd. 1940) in-situ stress can be gotten by flexible trademark conditions. Likewise, from elastoplastic trademark condition in-situ pressure can be determined (chang et al., 2006). Too , (LOT) and small frac. test can assist us with determining in-situ focuses on (Bardley 1979b). Numerous models have been worked to decide the actuated worry in a round well and foresee the reasonable mud pressure by utilizing Failure standards. In this examination, three disappointment models have been utilized to foresee the best possible mud weight in the Nahr Umr development in southern Iraq. The three disappointment measures are Mohr-coulomb, Mogi-coulomb, and changed replenish. Fig (1) Caliper log reactions due to wellbore extension (Tingay ) Geographical properties of the field and the objective store. The H oil recorded is a land-based field situated in southeastern Iraq between the city of Basra and the Kuwait outskirt (Figure 2). The field is an anticline that runs generally north-west to south-southeast around 60 km long and 10-15 km wide. The anticline of H field has four arches separated by saddles, from the northwest to southeast these are: Al-Hamar Shuaiba Rafidyah Safwan Fig (3) The four vaults in H documented The found stores are contained in five repositories: Mishrif, Nahr Umr, Zubair third Pay, Zubair fourth Pay and Yamama. (Figure 3) speaks to well stratigraphic. Nahr Umr Formation is a fascinating potential water source zone because of the plenitude of log information through the unit, water saltiness that is perfect with the Mishrif and Zubair Formation waters, and the detailed degree and quality of the spring. It is made fundamentally out of Sandstone interbedded with dashes of (Shale, Siltstone Limestone). Normal thickness of Nahr Umr development is +/ - 260 m and the porosity surpass 25% with a normal of 20% penetrability ranges from 1000 md to 9000 md. Relies upon data from in excess of fifteen wells, shear disappointment has been seen in Nahr Umr development uniquely at the shale layers. This breakout has been appeared on shale shaker and by caliper log. Fig (4) stratigraphic of H field

The Impact of Wal-mart Essay examples -- Business, Low Prices

Wal-Mart, the multi-billion dollar partnership and the second biggest boss on the planet, is the most disputable company on the planet. Wal-Mart remains as a worldwide powerhouse and influences innumerable people far and wide. This organization is continually accepting analysis from associations, human rights gatherings, unassuming communities and independent companies. There are allegations of Wal-Mart treating laborers ineffectively and driving independent ventures bankrupt. Anyway these allegations are bogus and over overstated. Wal-Mart offers families and low salary people quality items at moderate costs. Their laborers are paid serious wages and are treated with deference. Wal-Mart opens their stores in rustic and immature regions. Wal-Mart improves the lives of the people who live country zone and improves their ways of life. Wal-Mart gives low costs to individuals to bear the cost of a greater amount of these extraordinary items and to extend their dollar more. Wal-Mart opens their stores in provincial regions that are down and out. These individuals don’t can purchase the most recent and best items around. That way of life of purchasing and getting the advanced thing is unfamiliar to them. On account of Wal-Mart these individuals can get a handle on this way of life and experience for themselves (Coster 1). Individuals are sparing several dollars and these reserve funds truly include. As indicated by an examination by the New England Consulting gathering, U.S. buyers spare $100 billion every year, or $600 for the normal America family (Maich 6). These reserve funds for purchasers and families are astonishing. This information isn't just about the individuals who shop at Wal-Mart yet this information is pretty much all customers. This is so in light of the fact that â€Å"Wal-Mart sells for less, it powers contenders to slice costs so as to compete† (Maich 6). A s... ...pplications for their occupations. Each time another store opens, Wal-Mart gets 6 to 10 applications for each activity that is accessible (Maich 5). In the event that Wal-Mart was appalling and a poor business, there will be no going after these positions. This shows Wal-Mart is an incredible business and not what pundit says it is. Wal-Mart is useful to numerous sorts of individuals. Wal-Mart is useful for the economy and great to it laborers. Wal-Mart enlists numerous individuals from various different backgrounds and offers their laborers numerous advantages that others retailers don’t offer. Wal-Mart with their low costs benefits buyers and help purchasers to spare. Wal-Mart is a positive to neighborhood economies and improves benefits of nearby organizations. Wal-Mart isn't a beast as critics’ states and every one of these assaults by pundits are wrong. Wal-Mart isn't great yet it is superior to the greater part of different companies.

The Power of Checklists in the Workplace - Focus

The Power of Checklists in the Workplace - Focus You might not think that checklists have a role in the workplace. Often used for simple tasks like creating a grocery list or packing for a vacation, checklists aren’t often thought of as a tool for increasing productivity and efficiency at work. But the power of checklists has been proven time and time again across a variety of professions and industries. It doesn’t matter how many times you’ve performed a task or how much training and experience you have in your role, checklists reduce the likelihood of important steps or tasks getting overlooked and help you feel confident that you’ve completed your work expertly. How Professionals Are Already Using Checklists in the Workplace In a 2007 article in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande told the story of how the U.S. Army Air Corps was able to make use of a Boeing aircraft that, after a crash during its maiden flight, was deemed “too much airplane for one [person] to fly.” The solution to flying the unflyable aircraft: a pilot’s checklist. Gawande writes: Using a checklist for takeoff would no more have occurred to a pilot than to a driver backing a car out of the garage. But this new plane was too complicated to be left to the memory of any pilot, however expert. Later in his article, Gawande also explains how doctors and nurses use checklists in hospitals to prevent life-threatening mistakes and oversights when working with patients. In one example, a hospital used a checklist for one specific procedure for a year. During that time, the infection rate for that procedure dropped from 11% to zero. The hospital estimated that using that one checklist over a two-year period had prevented 43 infections and eight deaths and saved the hospital two million dollars in costs. Gawande went on to write The Checklist Manifesto, an ode to the power of a simple checklist’s ability to increase productivity and efficiency while also reducing errors and costs in the complex modern workplace. Related: 6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management Tasks Versus Checklists It’s easy to think of things you need to do at work as tasks. As a writer, I might have the task “write an article.” But there are many subtasks that must all be completed before an article is complete. Delivering an article isn’t a simple matter of putting words on paper. I also have to: conduct SEO research find or create images edit the final copy add the post to a content management system add internal links insert images add alt text for images make sure links open in new tabs add relevant calls-to-action And though I’ve written hundreds of articles over the years, I still use checklists to make sure I remember to complete each of these steps. Fairly often, my checklists remind me to do something I neglected. The reality is that after a long day of writing, it’s all too easy to forget one small step in a larger process. Most business tasks require more than a single action. But at the same time, those multiple required actions are all a part of completing a single task. In other words, it wouldn’t make sense for me to add individual tasks for each of the actions above that are required for one article to be complete. Instead, it’s far more effective to simply include checklists listing those items for each article task I create. Creating Tasks and Checklists in MeisterTask MeisterTask is a project management tool that makes it easy to keep track of your tasks as well as create checklists for tasks that require more than one action. Going back to my example for my own work, I might have 20 articles to write in a month. Each of those assignments becomes its own task that I create in an “Assignments” queue: Each of those tasks also includes a checklist I use to make sure that I don’t forget any steps when writing or publishing an article: As I complete each subtask, I can check it off, and when all of the subtasks in my checklist are complete, I’m fully confident that my work is 100% done. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask Using predefined checklists in MeisterTask The great thing about MeisterTask is that I can create predefined checklists that I can load onto tasks so I’m not typing the same list of tasks over and over again. To create a predefined checklist, open any task, hover over “Add Checklist Item,” and click the “Load” link. In the pop-up that appears, click “Manage Checklists.” Next, click “Add Checklist” and give your checklist a name you’ll easily recognize. Then, add all of the subtasks you regularly complete as part of your main tasks. When you’re finished, click “Done.” Now when you open your task, you can click the “Load” link and select your predefined checklist to add it to your task automatically. Automatically adding checklists to tasks in a specific queue Typically, all of the tasks in my queue are for writing assignments, so any new task I add to that queue needs to have my article checklist added to it. Thanks to MeisterTask’s automations, I don’t need to manually add my checklist to every task. It gets automatically added to any task I create in my assignments queue. To set up an automation that adds a selected checklist to any items added to a specific queue, start by hovering over the header for the queue until the down arrow appears. Click the arrow, then select “Automations” “Add Automation:” Select “Add Checklist.” Now select your pre-defined checklist from the dropdown, check the box next to “Run this action on all existing tasks in this section,” and click “Done.” When you’re finished, your checklist will be automatically applied to every task currently in that queue, and it will also be automatically added to any new tasks you move to or create in that queue. Examples of How to Use Checklists in Other Industries So far, we’ve talked about how pilots and doctors use checklists, and we’ve covered how writers like me can use checklists to increase efficiency and reduce errors. But like I said in the beginning, checklists are helpful for people in nearly every role and industry. If you or your employees have tasks that require multiple actions to complete, checklists can benefit your organization. Here are several examples: Fleet managers could create checklists for their drivers to use to check their vehicles before leaving a depot. For example: check fuel level, tire pressure, and mileage, make sure packages are secure, etc. Also, when returning a vehicle: check that its clean, that the fuel has been refilled, that there arent any damages or scratches, etc. Restaurant managers could create multiple sections in MeisterTask with automated checklists for different areas for people to check. For example, the kitchen could check food stock, expiry dates, cleanliness, etc. Front-of-house employees could create their own checklist for making sure all condiments are clean, all salt shakers are filled, tables are wiped down, etc. Retail managers could create checklists for opening their stores. For example: turn the alarm off, turn on all light switches, make sure that the newest samples are on display, clean the floor, etc. You could have another checklist for closing the store. Maintenance workers could use checklists to make sure that they have checked all the equipment or machinery in the right order. For example: check for leaks, ensure the pressure is within the green range, grease lines and look for rust, check fluid levels, etc. Professional service providers like plumbers or electricians could create checklists for the things that need to be checked or completed when customers request service for a specific issue. For example, an electrician’s checklist might have items like check the breaker box for blown fuses, test voltage of problematic outlets, look for signs of heat damage, etc. CPAs could have two columns in MeisterTask: one for junior accountants with a checklist for making sure all information has been added to a tax return and that all relevant documentation is included, and another for a senior accountant with a checklist listing all of the items on the return that need to be reviewed. If you have a unique way of using checklists in your business, we’d love to hear about it in the comments at the bottom of this post! Related: How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (and Why It’s Important) The Benefits of Using MeisterTask for Checklists Using checklists in any format will deliver a lot of benefits, but there are a few advantages of using a tool like MeisterTask over other methods like printouts or whiteboards: Everything is digital, which means that it is logged, tracked, and saved. You’ll never lose any data, and you’ll always have a historical overview of completed checklists. Because there’s an archive of historical checklists, when something goes wrong, you’re able to pinpoint exactly where and when in the process, which creates more accountability and responsibility. MeisterTask is easy to use, so your employees don’t have to be highly technically savvy to use it. Once someone sets up the initial project and automations, using MeisterTask is as simple as pointing and clicking. MeisterTask is mobile, so it can work on the go. As long as there is a phone or tablet around, people literally just need to tap through their checklist items. Everything in MeisterTask is updated in real-time. Managers and team leads are able to know exactly when tasks are completed via notifications. Lastly, everything can be automated, saving you tons of time. The checklist can be loaded automatically to tasks, and tasks can even be automatically assigned to the person responsible for completing them. Checklists are a great way to increase efficiency and reduce the likelihood of mistakes in your business, and MeisterTaskâ€"with its automations and archive featuresâ€"boosts those benefits even further. Contact MeisterTasks friendly sales team if youd like to find out more about setting up accounts for you and your teamâ€"and get closer to meeting your goals by combining your project management tool with checklists. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask The Power of Checklists in the Workplace - Focus You might not think that checklists have a role in the workplace. Often used for simple tasks like creating a grocery list or packing for a vacation, checklists aren’t often thought of as a tool for increasing productivity and efficiency at work. But the power of checklists has been proven time and time again across a variety of professions and industries. It doesn’t matter how many times you’ve performed a task or how much training and experience you have in your role, checklists reduce the likelihood of important steps or tasks getting overlooked and help you feel confident that you’ve completed your work expertly. How Professionals Are Already Using Checklists in the Workplace In a 2007 article in The New Yorker, Atul Gawande told the story of how the U.S. Army Air Corps was able to make use of a Boeing aircraft that, after a crash during its maiden flight, was deemed “too much airplane for one [person] to fly.” The solution to flying the unflyable aircraft: a pilot’s checklist. Gawande writes: Using a checklist for takeoff would no more have occurred to a pilot than to a driver backing a car out of the garage. But this new plane was too complicated to be left to the memory of any pilot, however expert. Later in his article, Gawande also explains how doctors and nurses use checklists in hospitals to prevent life-threatening mistakes and oversights when working with patients. In one example, a hospital used a checklist for one specific procedure for a year. During that time, the infection rate for that procedure dropped from 11% to zero. The hospital estimated that using that one checklist over a two-year period had prevented 43 infections and eight deaths and saved the hospital two million dollars in costs. Gawande went on to write The Checklist Manifesto, an ode to the power of a simple checklist’s ability to increase productivity and efficiency while also reducing errors and costs in the complex modern workplace. Related: 6 Simple Tips for Effective Team Management Tasks Versus Checklists It’s easy to think of things you need to do at work as tasks. As a writer, I might have the task “write an article.” But there are many subtasks that must all be completed before an article is complete. Delivering an article isn’t a simple matter of putting words on paper. I also have to: conduct SEO research find or create images edit the final copy add the post to a content management system add internal links insert images add alt text for images make sure links open in new tabs add relevant calls-to-action And though I’ve written hundreds of articles over the years, I still use checklists to make sure I remember to complete each of these steps. Fairly often, my checklists remind me to do something I neglected. The reality is that after a long day of writing, it’s all too easy to forget one small step in a larger process. Most business tasks require more than a single action. But at the same time, those multiple required actions are all a part of completing a single task. In other words, it wouldn’t make sense for me to add individual tasks for each of the actions above that are required for one article to be complete. Instead, it’s far more effective to simply include checklists listing those items for each article task I create. Creating Tasks and Checklists in MeisterTask MeisterTask is a project management tool that makes it easy to keep track of your tasks as well as create checklists for tasks that require more than one action. Going back to my example for my own work, I might have 20 articles to write in a month. Each of those assignments becomes its own task that I create in an “Assignments” queue: Each of those tasks also includes a checklist I use to make sure that I don’t forget any steps when writing or publishing an article: As I complete each subtask, I can check it off, and when all of the subtasks in my checklist are complete, I’m fully confident that my work is 100% done. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask Using predefined checklists in MeisterTask The great thing about MeisterTask is that I can create predefined checklists that I can load onto tasks so I’m not typing the same list of tasks over and over again. To create a predefined checklist, open any task, hover over “Add Checklist Item,” and click the “Load” link. In the pop-up that appears, click “Manage Checklists.” Next, click “Add Checklist” and give your checklist a name you’ll easily recognize. Then, add all of the subtasks you regularly complete as part of your main tasks. When you’re finished, click “Done.” Now when you open your task, you can click the “Load” link and select your predefined checklist to add it to your task automatically. Automatically adding checklists to tasks in a specific queue Typically, all of the tasks in my queue are for writing assignments, so any new task I add to that queue needs to have my article checklist added to it. Thanks to MeisterTask’s automations, I don’t need to manually add my checklist to every task. It gets automatically added to any task I create in my assignments queue. To set up an automation that adds a selected checklist to any items added to a specific queue, start by hovering over the header for the queue until the down arrow appears. Click the arrow, then select “Automations” “Add Automation:” Select “Add Checklist.” Now select your pre-defined checklist from the dropdown, check the box next to “Run this action on all existing tasks in this section,” and click “Done.” When you’re finished, your checklist will be automatically applied to every task currently in that queue, and it will also be automatically added to any new tasks you move to or create in that queue. Examples of How to Use Checklists in Other Industries So far, we’ve talked about how pilots and doctors use checklists, and we’ve covered how writers like me can use checklists to increase efficiency and reduce errors. But like I said in the beginning, checklists are helpful for people in nearly every role and industry. If you or your employees have tasks that require multiple actions to complete, checklists can benefit your organization. Here are several examples: Fleet managers could create checklists for their drivers to use to check their vehicles before leaving a depot. For example: check fuel level, tire pressure, and mileage, make sure packages are secure, etc. Also, when returning a vehicle: check that its clean, that the fuel has been refilled, that there arent any damages or scratches, etc. Restaurant managers could create multiple sections in MeisterTask with automated checklists for different areas for people to check. For example, the kitchen could check food stock, expiry dates, cleanliness, etc. Front-of-house employees could create their own checklist for making sure all condiments are clean, all salt shakers are filled, tables are wiped down, etc. Retail managers could create checklists for opening their stores. For example: turn the alarm off, turn on all light switches, make sure that the newest samples are on display, clean the floor, etc. You could have another checklist for closing the store. Maintenance workers could use checklists to make sure that they have checked all the equipment or machinery in the right order. For example: check for leaks, ensure the pressure is within the green range, grease lines and look for rust, check fluid levels, etc. Professional service providers like plumbers or electricians could create checklists for the things that need to be checked or completed when customers request service for a specific issue. For example, an electrician’s checklist might have items like check the breaker box for blown fuses, test voltage of problematic outlets, look for signs of heat damage, etc. CPAs could have two columns in MeisterTask: one for junior accountants with a checklist for making sure all information has been added to a tax return and that all relevant documentation is included, and another for a senior accountant with a checklist listing all of the items on the return that need to be reviewed. If you have a unique way of using checklists in your business, we’d love to hear about it in the comments at the bottom of this post! Related: How to Delegate Tasks Effectively (and Why It’s Important) The Benefits of Using MeisterTask for Checklists Using checklists in any format will deliver a lot of benefits, but there are a few advantages of using a tool like MeisterTask over other methods like printouts or whiteboards: Everything is digital, which means that it is logged, tracked, and saved. You’ll never lose any data, and you’ll always have a historical overview of completed checklists. Because there’s an archive of historical checklists, when something goes wrong, you’re able to pinpoint exactly where and when in the process, which creates more accountability and responsibility. MeisterTask is easy to use, so your employees don’t have to be highly technically savvy to use it. Once someone sets up the initial project and automations, using MeisterTask is as simple as pointing and clicking. MeisterTask is mobile, so it can work on the go. As long as there is a phone or tablet around, people literally just need to tap through their checklist items. Everything in MeisterTask is updated in real-time. Managers and team leads are able to know exactly when tasks are completed via notifications. Lastly, everything can be automated, saving you tons of time. The checklist can be loaded automatically to tasks, and tasks can even be automatically assigned to the person responsible for completing them. Checklists are a great way to increase efficiency and reduce the likelihood of mistakes in your business, and MeisterTaskâ€"with its automations and archive featuresâ€"boosts those benefits even further. Contact MeisterTasks friendly sales team if youd like to find out more about setting up accounts for you and your teamâ€"and get closer to meeting your goals by combining your project management tool with checklists. Project Management + Checklists Get MeisterTask Its free! Get MeisterTask